Skip to main content
Saltwater Aquarium Guide Reef-keeping magazine
Tanks & Sumps

Reef Tank Plumbing: Bulkheads, Unions, and Silent Overflows

Plumbing fundamentals from bulkhead torque to bean animal overflow design for whisper-quiet reef tanks.

Pipework, valves and filter vessels above the coral reef tank at a public aquarium
Photo: Don McCulley, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (cropped)

Plumbing is the difference between a quiet, leak-free reef and a 24/7 anxiety machine. Three principles separate professional plumbing from amateur work.

Bulkhead torque

Hand-tight only. A pipe wrench cracks the tank.

Bean Animal overflow

Three pipes (full-siphon, open-channel, emergency) eliminate noise and prevent floods.